A Revision of African Bryoideae, Musci (Second Part)

1. phytogeography. On the basis of distributional pattern, the African Bryoideae are classified into ten types: cosmopolitan, widespread, tropical and subtropical, antipodal, paleotropical, circum-subantarctic, European, Mediterranean, anomalous, and endemic; and also these types are further divided when appropriate. Based on differences in floristic composition, an attempt at phytogeographical division is proposed, with a map. Madagascar is very similar phytogeographically to continental Africa (Afr 2), and the region of the islands including Kerguelen is separated from the continental Africa (Afr 4) or Madagascar at the level of major division. Some phytogeographical problems, such as the distribution of weedy or saxicolous species, and correlations of the African flora to Indian or southeast Asiatic floras or to European flora are also discussed. 2. Speciation. A few patterns of speciation are considered in relation to various endemic species as resulting from hybridization, duplication of dry-moist or warm-cold changes, very wet conditions in hot climates, etc. Also existence of paleo-endemic and neo endemic species is considered on the basis of occurrence of allied or discordant endemic species in various regions or continents. 3. Supplement. Bryum icodense Wint. is recognized as a valid addition to the African Bryoideae; also some noteworthy data of the distribution are recorded for several species.